Paper 56 converted a seeded shrinking-threshold exceptional-set theorem into a lag L2 estimate and then into a PESC exponent improvement. That route required
c>2(1−α)
when
H=Nα
and
∣{x:∣UH(x)∣>HN−ν}∣≪N1−c.
The present paper proves that this is not the optimal deterministic use of the exceptional set.
Let
A(n)=ψ(n)−n,UH(n)=A(n+H)−A(n).
Assume PESC (κ) and write
d=2κ.
Paper 55 gives the pointwise seed envelope
∣A(n)∣≪n1−d+o(1).
For every fixed p≥1, a residue-chain inequality gives
then the seed pointwise envelope on the exceptional set yields
n≤2N∑∣A(n)∣p≪N1+p(1−dp′)+o(1)
for every
dp′<Ψp(d;α,ν,c):=min{ν,d+α−1+pc,1−α(1−d)}.
A dyadic Lp Mellin argument then excludes all zeta zeros with
ℜρ>1−dp′.
Using Paper 55's fixed-exponent PESC/zero-strip equivalence, this gives PESC (κ′) for every
κ′<2Ψp(2κ;α,ν,c).
Among all p≥1, the only p -dependent term is c/p. Therefore:
p=1
is the optimal member of the entire Lp residue-chain family.
The resulting L1 amplification law is
κ′<Φ1(κ;α,ν,c):=min{2ν,κ+2c+2α−2,2−2α+ακ}.
Strict amplification occurs exactly when
ν>2κ,c>1−α,α<1.
Thus the exceptional-set requirement from Paper 56 is cut in half.
For the near-macroscopic parametrization
H=N1−τ,
the strict gate is simply
ν>2κ,c>τ.
The output gain is
η<min{2ν−κ,2(c−τ),(2−κ)τ}.
If the threshold is not the bottleneck and c is fixed, the optimal scale is
τ∗=4−κ2c,α∗=1−4−κ2c,
and the one-step gain is
η∗=4−κ2c(2−κ).
This is twice the exceptional-set gain produced by the L2 bridge of Paper 56 for the same c.
The paper also audits the current Gafni–Tao exceptional-set architecture against a polynomially shrinking threshold. Their published theorem fixes the relative threshold δ>0 and a sufficiently large integer J=J(δ,θ,ε) before taking X→∞. In their explicit-formula reduction the truncation error is O(Xθ/J), so replacing
δ
by
X−ν
requires at least
J≫Xν.
Thus the published theorem cannot be invoked by direct substitution.
More importantly, even after rebuilding the proof with a polynomial truncation height, the standard L2 and L4 zero-packet Markov exponents are supercritical at the seeded boundary whenever
ν>2κ.
Hence the fixed-threshold parameter issue is not the sole obstruction. The boundary mode remains the genuine wall.
The direct Campaign-46 frontier is therefore strengthened:
This is exactly twice the modest- c exceptional-set gain produced by the L2 conversion in Paper 56.
To keep the threshold term non-bottlenecking, it suffices that
ν≥2κ+4−κc(2−κ).
If the formula attempts to produce κ′>1, the assumptions are themselves incompatible with the known critical-line zeros; in applications one stops at any fixed κ′<1.
12. General Lp optimization
For completeness, if p≥1 is fixed and the threshold is not active, balance
d+α−1+pc
with
1−α(1−d).
This gives
αp,∗=1−p(4−κ)2c.
The PESC exponent gain is
ηp,∗=p(4−κ)2c(2−κ).
This decreases exactly like 1/p.
Thus the optimality of p=1 is quantitative, not merely qualitative.
13. Comparison with Paper 56
Paper 56 used:
exceptional set
-> lag L2 energy
-> MLEPG
-> seeded residue-chain L2
-> PESC
The present paper uses:
exceptional set
-> lag Lp moment
-> residue-chain Lp directly
-> global PNT-error Lp
-> Mellin analyticity
-> zero strip
-> PESC
The direct Mellin route avoids the extra L2 cost of squaring the exceptional-set pointwise envelope.
Therefore Paper 56 remains correct but is not optimal as an exceptional-set exponent converter.
The improved canonical direct target should use the L1 bridge.
14. F-RH-017 v2
Replace the old preferred direct target by the stronger version:
Then a strict fixed PESC exponent improvement follows.
This is the cheapest currently certified exceptional-set amplifier.
15. Audit of the Gafni-Tao fixed-threshold proof
Gafni and Tao define their exceptional set using a fixed relative threshold
δ>0.
In the proof they explicitly:
fix δ ;
choose a natural number J sufficiently large depending on δ,θ,ε ;
hold δ,J,θ,ε fixed as X→∞.
Their explicit-formula truncation height is
T=J(log2X)X1−θ,
and the truncation error is
O(JXθ).
To compare this with a polynomial threshold
δX=X−ν,
one would need
J≫Xν
already at the truncation step.
Thus the published theorem cannot be used by the formal substitution
δ=X−ν.
Its asymptotic notation permits constants depending on fixed δ and J.
This is a theorem-scope statement, not a criticism of the result.
16. Fixed- H removes one technical polynomial cost, but not the wall
The Gafni-Tao proof also subdivides
[X,2X]
into
Oδ(1)
multiplicative intervals in order to replace the varying length
xθ
by a nearly fixed multiplicative increment.
For the CSM_RH frontier we may instead formulate the interval length as a fixed dyadic
H=Nα.
This removes the need for that subdivision and therefore avoids a polynomial covering factor when δ shrinks.
This is a useful technical simplification.
However it does not resolve the seeded boundary threshold.
The explicit formula still requires a polynomial height
T≳N1−α+ν.
More importantly, a zero on
β=1−κ/2
contributes relative size
N−κ/2.
No finite positive moment argument can prove a density-small exceptional set below that amplitude while the boundary zero remains admissible.
17. Polynomial-threshold L2 packet exponent
For comparison with the current exceptional-set technology, take a narrow zero packet around real part
σ
and let
q=1−α+ν
be the minimal explicit-formula height exponent.
The standard L2 zero-packet estimate has average-square exponent
2α+2σ−2+qA(σ)(1−σ).
Markov at threshold
Nα−ν
gives exceptional-measure exponent
μ2,σpoly=1+2(ν−(1−σ))+qA(σ)(1−σ).
At the seed boundary
1−σ=2κ,
if
ν>2κ,
then
μ2,σpoly>1
even before any positive zero-density cost is used.
Thus L2 Markov cannot cross the boundary.
18. Polynomial-threshold L4 packet exponent
Similarly the standard fourth-moment estimate gives
μ4,σpoly=1+4(ν−(1−σ))+qA∗(σ)(1−σ).
At the seed boundary and supercritical threshold,
μ4,σpoly>1.
The same baseline obstruction occurs at every finite even moment:
1+2r(ν−2κ)
before nonnegative density / additive-energy costs.
Therefore the failure of direct polynomial-threshold uniformization is structural, not merely caused by the fixed- δ quantifiers in the published theorem.
This refines Paper 56's moment barrier using the current Gafni-Tao parameter ledger.
19. Current technology verdict
Current zero-density and additive-zero-energy technology is highly effective for:
ν<2κ
after a seed strip is present, because the boundary packet then lies below the threshold.
It cannot, through a standard finite positive moment + Markov argument, enter
ν>2κ.
But the new L1 deterministic bridge substantially lowers the amount of exceptional-set rarity required once a supercritical arithmetic theorem is found.
This is the exact division of labor:
analytic seed:
moves the right edge to 1-kappa/2
current density/moment technology:
controls subcritical thresholds
new arithmetic theorem:
must cross nu=kappa/2
L1 residue-chain bridge:
converts even modest c>tau into a fixed strip gain
20. New minimal arithmetic target
Choose a small fixed
τ>0
and put
H=N1−τ.
The minimal direct target is now:
#{n∈[N,2N]:∣UH(n)∣>HN−κ/2−ε}≪N1−c
for some fixed
ε>0,c>τ.
Then Theorem 10.1 gives the explicit exponent gain
η<min{2ε,2(c−τ),(2−κ)τ}.
This is the sharpest currently certified direct Campaign-46 target.
The earlier L2 conversion paid the square of the exceptional-set envelope.
The L1 residue-chain / Mellin route pays it only once.
For
H=N1−τ,
the strict exceptional-set gate is now
ν>2κ,c>τ.
The threshold wall did not move.
The exception-count wall did.
This matters because any future arithmetic theorem only needs a modest polynomial rarity of supercritical failures, not the stronger rarity previously required.
The current Gafni-Tao machinery cannot simply be parameter-substituted into this regime, and its finite-moment architecture remains critically blocked at the boundary.
Thus the next breakthrough target is as small and explicit as the present chain can make it:
beat the boundary amplitude on almost all N1−τ-intervals, with only N1−c exceptions and c>τ.